[Relationship between migraine and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy]

Pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH], is a highly prevalent disorder. This study was done to define the relationship between pregnancy induced hypertension and migraine in women attending Kashan hospitals, Iran, in 2007. This was a case-control study. The subjects were recruited using a consecutive sampling method, based on documented practitioner diagnosis of PIH. Subjects were assigned to two groups of case and control. Ninety women were allocated to each group. Data collection was done through a questionnaire that included demographic details, medical and obstetrics history, and details of migraine attacks. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed using content validity and test-retest methods. The two groups were matched to eliminate confounding factors. SPSS software was used for data analysis. 180 women in two groups of 90 cases and 90 controls, with average age of 27.3 +/- 5.9 and 27.66 +/- 5.2 respectively, participated in the study. Majority were housewives with primary to middle school education, with a BMI >26, and no history of hypertension in their family or in previous pregnancies. Ten percent of subjects were affected by migraine and there were no cases of migraine with aura. Results demonstrated that history of migraine was positive in 14.4% of the case group and 5.6% of controls [Odds Ratio= 2.87]. History of migraine could be considered as a risk factor for Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

[ study of relationship between menorrhagia and gestational diabetes]

Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or recognition during pregnancy. Approximately, 4% of pregnancies are affected by diabetes mellitus, 90% of which represents gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. Detection of risk factors of GDM may reduce the risk of complications. One of the new risk factors is menorrhagia. This study was conducted to identify the relation between menorrhagia and gestational diabetes. This case-control study was performed on the pregnant women who were referred to GDM and prenatal clinics in the endocrinology and metabolism centers of Shariati, and Taleghani hospitals as well as Iran endocrinology and metabolism institute of Tehran. In this study, data collection from the patients were carried out by interview method. Sampling was performed by convenience method. Case group included 60 women with gestational diabetes and control group included 60 women without gestational diabetes that they were selected at the same period of time. Demographic characteristics, history of menorrhagia and its etiology, were compared between two groups. We excluded subject with history of fetal macrosomia [weight >4500g], pre-pregnancy diabetes, diabetes in previous pregnancy, neonatal morbidity and mortality, recurrent abortion, smoking before and during pregnancy and preterm delivery. The case and control subjects were matched based on their age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, diabetes mellitus in first-degree relative and the history of still-birth or malformed fetus or neonates. Demographic characteristics and etiology of menorrhagia were similar between two groups. Relative frequencies of menorrhagia were 41.7% and 6% in the case and the control group, respectively [p<001, Odds Ratio=6.43]. A history of menorrhagia can be an independent predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus. If selective screening is implemented for gestational diabetes mellitus, such history should be considered in the decision of whom to test

Relation between duration of menstruation and gestational diabetes in women referring to teaching hospitals in Tehran

Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity at or during pregnancy. Approximately, of pregnancies is affected by diabetes mellitus, of which represents gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. Detection of risk factors in GDM may reduce the risk of complications. A new risk factor suggested is abnormal menstrual duration. This case-control study was conducted to determine the relation between duration of menstruation and gestational diabetes in women referring to teaching hospitals at Tehran in 2005. 120 women [60 in case group with GDM and 60 in control group without GDM] referring to GDM and Prenatal Clinics in Shariati and Taleghani hospitals were selected by convenience sampling. An information form was completed by interview for data collection. Content and test re-test methods were used for validity and reliability respectively. Demographic characteristics and abnormal duration of menstruation as well as its etiology were compared between the groups. Those with the history of fetal macrosomia [weight >4500g], diabetes, diabetes in previous pregnancies, neonatal morbidity and mortality, recurrent abortion, smoking before or during pregnancy and preterm delivery were excluded from the study. The groups were matched in terms of their age, parity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus in their close relatives and the history of stillbirth or congenital anomalies. Demographic characteristics and duration [in the case and in the control] as well as etiology of abnormal menstruation were similar between the groups [p=0.34]. No significant relation was found between duration of menstruation and GDM. The relationship between duration of menstrual bleeding and gestational diabetes is disputable